Skin diseases in africa pdf

The fibro plastic diathesis of the negro is well known. Malaria is another mosquitoborne infectious disease common in africa. Pdf abstract background skin disorders are generally considered to be. There is no vaccine to prevent the contraction of this disease. This is not a text book of skin diseases, nor is it an atlas of african dermatology like clarkes skin disease in the african, though there are some excellent illustrations.

The spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in cameroon subsaharan africa. The remainder of skin diseases was assigned as other skin and subcutaneous disease. Mar 29, 2017 there are dozens of conditions that affect someones skin, and it can be hard to tell one from the other. Common skin diseases in africa african skin diseases. Download the pdf to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. The author in his preface states that it has arisen out of work on a report on epidemiology of cutaneous diseases according to geographical locale. Centre for the aids programme of research in south africa caprisa, nelson r mandela school of medicine, university of kwazulu. The use of medicinal plants as a fundamental component of the african traditional healthcare system is perhaps the oldest and the most assorted of all therapeutic systems. The traditional use of southern african medicinal plants for the treatment of skin infections is extensive, as can be observed in table 9. Who epidemiology and management of common skin diseases in. The bibliography at the end of the volume furnishes a ready source for the best in world literature on skin diseases affecting africa. Africanskindiseases is an educational website designed to provide access to information and high quality dermatology images of common african skin diseases. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.

A number of studies assessing success in the management of skin diseases in primary care settings in the developing world find that treatment failure rates of more than 80 percent are common figueroa and others 1998. The main factors that influence the incidence of skin diseases in south africa, as in africa as a whole, are race, climate, nutrition, migration, way of life and occupation, and medication or lack of it. Despite the high frequency of skin diseases in developing countries, they have so far not been regarded as a significant health problem in the development of public health strategies. Transmissible diseases comprised the bulk of skin disease 73. Research article open access the spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in cameroon subsaharan africa annececile zoungkanyi bissek1,2, earnest njih tabah3,4, emmanuel kouotou1,5, victor sini1,3, faustin n yepnjio3,6. Three skin conditions were in the top 10 most prevalent diseases globally in 2010fungal skin diseases 4th global prevalence. However, over the past decades it has slowly invaded new territories, sweeping first into the middle east and turkey, and, since 2015, into most of the balkan countries, the caucasus, and the russian federation, where the disease continues to spread. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. The spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in cameroon sub saharan africa article pdf available in bmc dermatology 121. Benign neoplasms seborrheic keratoses granuloma pyogenicum lentigo simplex 4. Pictures of skin disorders and problems image gallery. The net effect is that there seems to be a large number of skin diseases. In many parts of rural africa, traditional healers prescribing medicinal plants are the most easily accessible and affordable health resource available to the local community and at times the only therapy that. It is a very common illness that is usually mild and resolves without treatment.

Race the chief racial groups1,2 in south africa are the bantu 11,000,000 who are. Methods we retrospectively collected all cases of skin diseases diagnosed during. Skin diseases have been of major concern recently due to their association with the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome hivaids. Other key diseases that form a major part of the work of dermatologists, such as melanoma, were notincludedinthisanalysis. There is a wide range of skin diseases and they can affect people of all ages. Lumpy skin disease is a notifiable disease in south africa, in accordance with the animal disease act 35 of 1984. Although often overlooked, skin disorders are quite common during menopause. However healthy we think our skin is, it is likely that we will have suffered from some degree of acne and maybe one or other of.

It is more common in whites than in african americans or asian americans. Biases that imply that africa is a diseaseridden continent, that help for these diseases only came with the arrival of outsiders, that disease on the continent continues to a problem that only foreign aid and western ideas can fix. There is inadequate epidemiologic data on dermatologic health disparities and the current data are effectively limited to the diagnoses of skin cancer and atopic dermatitis or eczema. The burden of diseases brief overview of disease profile, service utilisation patterns and health outcomes by isaac adams, daniel darko and dr. Workers may present with skin diseases or conditions such as eczema, urticaria, sunburn or skin cancer fowler, 1998. Ethnic skin disorders, racial dermatoses, ethnic dermatology. Ten to fifteen days after the mosquito bite, an individual may experience fever, headaches, vomiting, and lethargy. These figures make river blindness one of the most common diseases in africa. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Selfmedication is the selection and use of drugs without medical prescription, to treat diseases or for symptomatic relief. This burden was comparable to mortality rates attributed to meningitis, hepatitis b, obstructed labor. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 177k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. It is the most important poultry disease in south africa and probably the world newcastle disease is caused by a virus and is highly contagious, which means that it spreads rapidly among chickens it has a high death rate it can affect any kind of poultry farm, from backyard to large commercial poultry farms.

Common skin infections in travelers journal of travel. This guide originated there to provide a quick and easy reference for diagnosis and management of common skin diseases in zimbabwean clinics and hospitals common skin diseases in zimbabwe, an illustrated guide, isbn. The more severe type is acne fulminans which associates explosive development of inflammatory and painful skin disease. Collectively, skin conditions were the 4th leading. Nowadays many skin diseases are related to or influenced by concomitant hiv infection. Blamany conditions affect the human integumentary system the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. Skin diseases usually leave some type of sore or irritation seen as redness on the skin s surface. African skin diseases africanskindiseases is an educational website designed to provide access to information and high quality dermatology images of common african skin diseases. Parvovirus b19 is the virus that causes fifth disease.

The author freely discusses etiology, prevention, and treatment. Skin problems are among the most frequent medical problems in returned travelers. This website is meant to be a practical guide for general practitioners, health care workers, students and all other health workers in africa this website is based on 1. The disease typically begins between the ages of 30 and 50, but can begin in childhood. Many of the lower income workers, such as miners or farming labourers in south africa are thus prone to skin diseases of occupational origin. Communicable diseases are associated primarily with poverty.

Plants used to treat skin diseases in northern maputaland, south africa. Common diseases and health problems in sheep and goats as595w it is important for handlers to wear gloves when dealing with soremouth, as the virus is contagious to humans. Exploring disease in africa introduction 2 table of contents political map of africa curriculum introduction main themes how to use this curriculum why africa why these diseases disease in africa changes in the land, changes in disease new people, new diseases introductory activities richard burton david livingstone smallpox boylston and boston. Classification of the causative agent lumpy skin disease lsd is caused by lumpy skin disease virus lsdv, a virus from the family poxviridae. The chapters on race, climate, nutrition, and way of life are particularly good. Prevalence of skin diseases treated at public referral. Usually one or a few lesions are seen and only topical tre atment is necessary. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc began working in south africa in 1989 and established an office in 1995, assisting nongovernmental and communitybased organizations to address hiv. In his introduction the author states that skin diseases account for about 16% of all diseases in the african, an incidence slightly greater than that met with in european countries. They have been identified as a public health problem in developing countries. South africa centers for disease control and prevention. Results skin disease causes a huge burden in the global context of health. Migrants often come from communities affected by war, con.

Ample room exists to further explore the extent and nature of these and other inequities across a spectrum of dermatologic diseases. True ainhum, dermatosis papulosa nigra, and onyalai are largely restricted to negroes. Common skin problems that occur from lupus include. Southern african medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases. Common diseases and health problems in sheep and goats. While lupus can affect any part of the body, symptoms on the skin include red patches or ring shapes on the skin, sunburnlike rashes on the nose and cheeks, or circular rashes that dont itch.

There is also advice on practical aspects of coping with. They are common throughout africa and are dominated by bacterial and superficial fungal infections. Mar 31, 2017 prevalence of skin diseases treated at public referral hospitals in kwazulu. Who epidemiology and management of common skin diseases. His helpful comments and contributions on leprosy and other common skin diseases occurring outside of southern africa have broadened its scope substantially. For instance, the world health organizations 2001 report mathers 2006 on the global burden of disease indicated that skin diseases were associated with mortality rates of 20,000 in subsaharan africa in 2001. Plants used to treat skin diseases in northern maputaland. Extensive serological surveys of wild ruminant species in africa have not identified a wildlife reservoir of lsdv. It is also a world organisation for animal healthlisted disease. The disease is spread by the poxvirus and usually occurs during the wet summer and autumn months, especially when there are high insect populations. Jul 16, 2017 symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin and loss of some vision and in extreme cases total blindness.

Medicinal plants used for the treatment of various skin. This website is meant to be a practical guide for general practitioners, health care workers, students and all other health workers in africa. Significant skin disease was encountered in 300 individuals 26. Skin disorders during menopause mdedge dermatology. Although with varying proportions, the spectrum of skin diseases in our study was similar to that described in other community studies in the rural milieu in which skin infections constituted the bulk 6,7,9. Skin disease is often overlooked as a trivial condition but when care is taken to make the proper diagnosis and institute the proper treatment, the. Pdf the spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in. A pilot survey on this subject has yielded such interesting. Understanding the physiology of this important period in a womans life is essential for developing an early and effective preventive therapeutic approach.

Anyone with psoriasis scaly red and white skin patches can have psoriatic arthritis. According to who, more than 99% of infected people live in 31 african countries. A shortage of elementary skills in the management of skin diseases is a further confounding problem. Participants should be familiar with the prevalence of skin diseases in the new zealand community. After taking a history and performing a proper skin examina. Epidemiology and management of common skin diseases in. Pdf the spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in cameroon. Prevalence of skin diseases treated at public referral hospitals in kwazulu. The female anopheles mosquito transmits the virus it bites an individual. The study area northern maputaland has the highest hiv infection rate in south africa, which made them more prone to a wide range of skin conditions. While numerous antimicrobial studies have addressed the efficacies of plant species used to treat a plethora of diseases, relatively few studies of southern african relevance have addressed the antimicrobial. The spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in cameroon. Socioeconomic conditions were poor, with low quality, crowded housing, low levels of literacy, unsatisfactory water sources, and few households with a regular cash.

Skin diseases disease control priorities in developing countries. Yellow skin, coma or even death occurs in the more serious cares. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. Tinea or ringworm presents in typical round lesions, which show scaling at the periphery, or in con centric rings. This updated, photoillustrated guide, which covers southern, east and west africa, provides a quick and easy reference for diagnosis and management of common skin diseases, including leprosy. The spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in cameroon sub. Skin diseases disease control priorities in developing. There has not been much research data published on the prevalence of skin diseases in new zealand.

Indeed many patients are referred to the skin clinic with itchy rash all over the body as a diagno sis. Skin disease is a common problem in developing countries and accounts for great morbidity and a large portion of the workload in outpatient clinics. Africa as well as in southern africa dr ben naafs has joined me in preparing the current edition. Fungal infection of the skin, most common on the exposed surfaces of the body, namely the face, arms and shoulders. This article tells you about about permanent skin diseases, temporary skin diseases. Skin diseases in south africa jama dermatology jama network. Knowledge of the prevalence of the various skin diseases facilitates planning for provision for health needs. Skin diseases in south africa jama dermatology jama. Epidemiology of skin diseases in africa jama network. Rashes are clusters or groups of reddened areas on the skin. The most common causes of dermatologic problems were insect bites with or without secondary infection, cutaneous larva migrans, allergic reactions, and skin abscesses.

Skin disease related to hiv, which may constitute an important component of the skin disease burden in developing countries, particularly in subsaharan africa. Skin disease related to hiv, which may constitute an important component of the skin disease burden in developing countries, particularly in subsaharan africa, leads to a similar impact on life quality compared with nonhivrelated skin problems, although the use of antiretroviral therapy significantly improves quality of life mirmirani and. There are many different types of skin diseases, but some of the more common kinds are psoriasis, eczema, herpes simplex, lupus, acne. Lumpy skin disease lsd was for long restricted to subaharan s africa. In contrast to dermatological practice in a european country it was found that the infective conditions accounted for more than half of all the cases seen in west africa, whereas only 3. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. In order to facilitate the use of the guide in east and west africa as well as in southern africa dr ben naafs has joined me in preparing the current edition. Pdf pattern of skin infections in black africans of sierra leone. Cdc partnered with south africa to develop hiv clinical and research guidelines, and hiv and tuberculosis tb service delivery programs.

Since a virus causes fifth disease, antibiotics play no role in the treatment. A bright red rash on the cheeks slapped cheek appearance and a rash on the body follow. A large case series of dermatologic problems in returned travelers showed that cutaneous larva migrans, insect bites, and bacterial infections were the most frequent skin problems in ill travelers seeking medical care, making up 30% of the 4,742 diagnoses table 11. Pdf diagnosis and treatment of common skin diseases. Part 2 in part 2 sections 0406, we provide information on the more common skin conditions, including clinical images, diagnosis and suggested treatment. Sandro accorsi admission patterns malaria was also the leading cause of hospital ad. The global burden of disease gbd study 2010 estimated the gbd attributable to 15 categories of skin disease from 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries. Skin diseases in south africa university of pretoria. The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose, and the visceral form starts with skin. It can cause painful and contagious lesions on the skin, very often on the hands or fingers. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the leishmania type. It is spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies.